مؤلفه‌ها و مسائل نظم و امنیت ایالت کرمان از جنگ جهانی اول تا استقرار دولت پهلوی

Abstract
Security is considered an important and historical issue in Iranian society because of its geographical location, political structure and social characteristics. Under the influence of various internal and external factors, the order and security of Kerman state was in a critical and fragile state during the historical period of World War I until the rise of the Pahlavi dynasty. Considering the variety of factors influencing the security and insecurity of this state, this study aimed to use the historical analysis method to find an answer to the following questions, "What were the main factors affecting the order and security of Kerman state during the historical period of World War I until the rise of the Pahlavi dynasty?", and "How was Kerman state in terms of public order and security during that period?" Examining the historical sources and analyzing the texts, we found that the order and security of Kerman state was a function of the order and security of the country during that period. However, some specific characteristics of this state, such as the geographical location, the influence of the presence and activity of the military and political forces of the countries involved in the world war, the extremely undermined power of the central and state governments, and the inefficiency of institutions arising from constitutional governments gave rise to critical conditions for the order and security of the state. These conditions continued until the rise of the strong and authoritarian order of Pahlavi government.
Keywords: Kerman, Order and Security, England, Persian Constitutional Revolution, Southern Police.
Introduction
The historical period from the beginning of the First World War to the formation of the Pahlavi government (1914-1925) is a very important period from the perspective of political, social and especially security-orderly developments in Iran and especially Kerman state. A series of internal and external factors had caused insecurity, instability and disorder to become the dominant phenomenon of Kerman state in these years, and in a way, to create a critical situation in this field. Geographical features and political, social and economic structures were very important components in the development of safe and insecure situations and order and disorder, which always had an impact on the state's security and law and order conditions. In addition to this, this historical period coincided with events, events and effective internal and external factors that strongly affected these conditions. After the constitutional revolution, the foundations of the new system had not yet been established and strengthened, and the interference of Russia and England as well as internal tyranny shook the political and social conditions. The First World War, as the most important political and military event in the history of the world until that time, strongly affected the political, social and even military conditions of the country. The South East region and especially the Kerman state became one of the centers of conflict and activity of the agents of the countries involved in the World War. In the internal dimension, the constitutional revolution made Kerman the center of political, social and religious-ethnic activities and movements. In general, the conditions of these years, both in terms of internal factors and external factors, were such that the security and law and order situation took on a special and critical state, so this research is based on analyzing and examining the most important factors that threaten order and security, security conditions examine the Kerman region from different dimensions and examine the causes and areas affecting this situation and the performance of various institutions on it and answer the question of what was the security-order situation of Kerman in the years of the First World War until the rise of the Pahlavi government And what were the most important factors affecting it?
 
Materials and Methods
This research is a type of historical research, which, according to the nature of the subject, is carried out in the stage of gathering information by referring to historical, research and documentary sources in the library method and in the stage of explanation in a descriptive-analytical way based on the questions presented. . The method of analysis is mainly based on induction. It means that by referring to the data, including the remaining texts, documents and evidence, he tries to reach a theoretical conclusion.
 
Discussion and Results
order and security in Iran under the influence of internal and external factors have always been one of the historical issues of Iranian society. According to the general situation of the country, states and provinces such as Kerman have been influenced by these factors affecting order and security, and in addition, they have also been subject to some specific regional and local characteristics. By focusing on these factors and characteristics, this research sought to answer the question that what were the most important fundamental factors influencing the order and security of Kerman state in the historical period of World War I until the rise of the Pahlavi government, and Kerman state from the point of view of order and security in What were the conditions of the mentioned period?
By examining and analyzing the remaining sources and texts and the conducted research, it was found that Kerman is under the influence of two groups of internal and external factors in a critical security and law enforcement situation. In other words, security was one of the most important social, political and economic problems of this state. From the internal point of view, the political structure and the authoritarian nature of the government, in some cases, it was considered the cause of insecurity and overdependence on the subjects. The military forces were unable to provide security due to weakness and inefficiency. Political and military structures were in an anomic state after the constitution. From the perspective of external influencing factors, the outbreak of World War I and the transformation of Iran and Kerman state into the scene of conflicts between warring countries, the activity of German forces in Kerman state and the southeast, and the arrival of British military forces and the creation of a police force in the south added to the region's insecurity.
 
Conclusion
With the occurrence of the constitutional revolution in Iran and Kerman state, everyone expected that the chaotic security-order situation caused by the existence of the authoritarian Qajar government would turn into a safer and more orderly situation. But due to many internal and especially external factors, not only the security-order situation did not improve, but the situation went towards becoming critical. The constitutional government was unable to provide security, and the outbreak of the First World War and the arrival of the military and political forces of the governments involved in this war affected Kerman. Finally, the totality of these factors and contexts provided the conditions for the emergence and dominance of the iron order of the Pahlavi government.