سید محمد طباطبایی و مسئله رهبری در انقلاب مشروطه

The present study examines the various dimensions of the political-social leadership of Ayatollah Tabatabai on the eve of the Constitutional Revolution and addresses the question of how Tabatabai, despite competing ideological currents (from traditionalists to secular intellectuals), succeeded in playing the role of "trans-factional leadership" in the constitutional movement. Relying on the approach of historical analysis and a descriptive-analytical method, this article attempts to evaluate two main pillars of Tabatabai’s success by examining primary sources, correspondences, public speeches, and press reports of the time: the "application of hybrid leadership strategies" (combining religious legitimacy with the modern discourse of justice-seeking) and the "networked communication structure" (chain linkage of clerics, bazaaris, and intellectuals). The findings of the article indicate that Tabatabai’s innovative leadership approach, particularly in integrating religious foundations with socio-political demands and utilizing modern communication tools of the time such as the press, public speeches, correspondences, and networking, established him as a "mobilizing" and "inspiring" leader of political struggles. In fact, by creating a "dynamic leadership model" that simultaneously possessed the capacity to reinterpret tradition and assimilate political modernity, Tabatabai succeeded in forming a heterogeneous yet effective coalition.