1
Department of Political Sciences, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
2
Department of Political Science, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
10.30465/hcs.2023.45872.2819
Abstract
Criticism is one of the characteristics of new thought in Qajar era Iran. The beginning of criticism in this period was the writings of Fath Ali Akhundzadeh, which covered a wide range. He criticized everything from religion to individual and social behavior and was more frank than any other thinker. Although other modern Iranian thinkers of that time were not as frank as him, they took the basic themes of criticism from him. Akhundzadeh brought "criticism" from literature and history and its basic themes to politics. The basic problem of this research is to pay attention to "criticism" as a starting point for political modernism, in the light of which, traditional and modern political patterns are criticized and attention to the problem of governance and its shortcomings starts from this point. Therefore, the main question of this research is how to categorize intellectuals' criticism of governance? Based on its themes, it can be known as "criticism of tyranny", "criticism of governance methods without direct denial of tyranny" and "criticism of modernist governance efforts". The first one was with the formation of the concept of "dispute" in Akhundzadeh's thought and its continuation in the concept of "tyranny". The second one was the efforts of people such as Malkam, Moshtar al-Doulah, and Majdal Molk, and the third one was created in Akhundzadeh's thinking in criticizing the legalistic efforts of the Nasrid era and Talebov's critique of constitutionalism.
Bahari, L., Ameri Golestani, H., Karimifard, H., & Jalalpoor, S. (2023). Typology of criticism of governance models in the Qajar era until before the constitutional movement. Historical Studies, (), -. doi: 10.30465/hcs.2023.45872.2819
MLA
Laleh Bahari; Hamed Ameri Golestani; Hossein Karimifard; Shiva Jalalpoor. "Typology of criticism of governance models in the Qajar era until before the constitutional movement". Historical Studies, , , 2023, -. doi: 10.30465/hcs.2023.45872.2819
HARVARD
Bahari, L., Ameri Golestani, H., Karimifard, H., Jalalpoor, S. (2023). 'Typology of criticism of governance models in the Qajar era until before the constitutional movement', Historical Studies, (), pp. -. doi: 10.30465/hcs.2023.45872.2819
VANCOUVER
Bahari, L., Ameri Golestani, H., Karimifard, H., Jalalpoor, S. Typology of criticism of governance models in the Qajar era until before the constitutional movement. Historical Studies, 2023; (): -. doi: 10.30465/hcs.2023.45872.2819
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