Historical Explanation of the Conceptual Metaphors of

Moniri, Seyed Hashem; Athari, Seyyed Hossein

doi:10.30465/hcs.2023.45374.2801

Historical Explanation of the Conceptual Metaphors of "Domination" in Reżā Khān's 9-Point Statement "I Command"

Document Type : ..

Authors

¹ Ph.D Candidate In Political Science (Political Thoughts), Faculty of Law and Political, Sciences Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad, Iran.

² Associate Professor In Political Science, Department of Political Sciences, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad, Iran.

10.30465/hcs.2023.45374.2801

Abstract

On 21 February 1921 coup d'état, Reżā Khān issued a statement in 9 articles under the title "I Command" and it was distributed by Cossaks throughout the city. In the middle of the exceptional situation and the imbalance between the political matter and the public law, he was able to ignore the law and concentrate power in two directions to stabilize the political matter, by using force and armed force and narrowing the legal matter, by trampling on the rights of individuals. The purpose of this research is to achieve a semantic understanding of the conceptual political metaphors used in the 9-point statement and the consequences of the construction of "monologue" and "separation action" between the ruler and the society. The main question is what conceptual metaphor is used in this statement. In response to the research question, it is argued that Reżā Khān used the key metaphor of "Domination" based on the fundamental general metaphor of "Rule Is Power" to dominate the political life of citizens. The findings of the research show that the exceptional situation, in addition to limiting the public sphere, led to the expansion of authoritarianism and threats to public rights. The method of this research is descriptive and analytical in the form of cognitive linguistics and the theoretical framework of the exceptional situation of "Giorgio Agamben", which has been collected and analyzed through corpus studies.

Keywords

References

English Books

Agamben, Gorgio. (1998). Homosacer. Stanford University Press.

Agamben, Gorgio. (2000). Means Without End: Note on Politics, Theory of Bound. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota.

Hart, H. L. A. (1963). Law, Liberty and Morality. Stanford University Press.

Habermas, Jurgen. (1976) [1971]. Theory and Practice. John Viertel (trans). Boston, Ma: Beacon Press.

Raz, Joseph. (1995). "Rights and Politics," Indiana Law Journal: Vol. 71: Iss. 1, Article 2.

Available at: https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ilj/vol71/iss1/2

Reference Translated into English

Ābādiān, Hossein (2006), Irān from the Collapse of the Constitution to the Third Esfand 1299 Coup D'état, Tehrān: Institute of Political Studies and Research. [In Persian]

Ābrāhāmiān, Yervānd (1998), Iran Between Two Revolutions: An Introduction to the Political Sociology of Contemporary Irān, Translated by Ahmad Golmohammadi and Mohammad Ebrāhim Fattāhi, Tehrān: Ney. [In Persian]

Agamben, Giorgio (2015), State of Exception, Translated by Pooyā Imāni, Tehrān: Ney. [In Persian]

Agamben, Giorgio (2019), Profanations. Translated by Sāleh Najafī and Morād Farhādpour, Tehrān: Markaz Publication. [In Persian]

Agamben, Gorgio (2000), Means Without End: Note on Politics, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota.

Agamben, Gorgio, (1998), Homosacer, Stanford University Press.

Āgheli, Bāgher (1994), Nusrat-al-Doulah Firouz: From the Dream of Kingship to Rezashah' Prison, Tehrān: Nāmek. [In Persian]

Āghelī, Bāgher (2007), Diary of Iran's History from the Constitution to the Islamic Revolution, Vol. 1, Tehran: Nāmak. [In Persian]

Ājoudāni, Māshāllāh (2008), Irānian's Constitutional, Tehrān: Akhtarān. [In Persian]

Bahār, Mohammad Taghi (1978), A Brief History of Political Parties in Iran, Vol.1, Tehrān: Pocket Joint Stock Company. [In Persian]

Chartres-Black, Jonathan (2018), Corpus Approaches to Critical Metaphor Analysis, Translated by Yektā Panāhpour, Qom: Logos. [In Persian]

Declarations of the Military Government (1922), "Advice to Preachers to Avoid Raising Political Issues in Pulpits and Mosques", Organization of Records and National Library of Iran, Document Number 293/5650, Retrieval Number 12/1/14239, Location in Archive 203, Receipt Number 00450041. [In Persian]

Dijk, Teun A. Van (2021), Discourse an Contex: a Socio – Cognitive Approach, Translated by Tāher Asgharpour and Ādel Nourzādeh, Tehrān: Negāh E-Moāser. [In Persian]

Dolat-Ābādi, Yahyā (1992), Hayāt Yahyā, vol. 4, 6th Edition, Tehrān: Attār Publishing and Ferdowsi Publishing. [In Persian]

Ducrocq, George (2020), The French View of the Coup d'état on the Third of Esfand 1299, Volume 1, George Ducrocq's daily Notes of the Military Attaché of the French Embassy in Tehrān, with an Introduction and Efforts by Yann Richard, Translated by Zahrā Fallāh Shāhroudi, Tehrān: Pars' Ābi Institute and Pol-E Firouze Publishing. [In Persian]

Elāhi, Sadr al-Din (2015), Seyyed Ziā: The Coup's Agent (Said and Unsaid of Iran's Contemporary History by Seyyed Ziā al-Din Tabātabai), 3^rd Edition, Tehrān: Sāles. [In Persian]

Fallāh Toutkār, Hojjat; Parvish, Mohsen (2012), The Ulema’s Positions before the 3 Isfand 1299 A.H.D (21February 1920) Coup, A Quarterly Journal of Historical Studies of Islam, 4(12) 35-56. http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.22286713.1391.4.12.2.0. [In Persian]

Geuss, Raymond (2017), Public Goods and Private Goods, Translated by Hassan Afshār, Tehrān: Markaz Publication. [In Persian]

Gheysari, Ali (2019), Iranian Intellectuals in the 20th century (from Constitutionalism to the End of the Monarchy), Translated by Mohammad Dehghāni, Second Edition, Tehrān: Hermes. [In Persian]

Habermas, Jurgen (1976), Theory and Practice, Translation by John Viertel, Boston, Ma: Beacon Press.

Haqhqhāni, Musā (2000), "Muhammad Bāqherkhān's Reply to the Telegraph of Ali-Mohammad Muaqhar-Al-Doleh Regarding the Situation of the People of Shiraz after the Coup d'etat of 1299 and Describing the Situation of the City as Critical", in: Iran from the 1919 Agreement to the Third Coup Esfand of 1299, According to the Documents, Iranian Contemporary History Quarterly, Volumes 15 and 16, (Winter 2000), pp. 229-325. [In Persian]

Hart, H. L. A., Law (1963), Liberty and Morality, Stanford University Press.

Hay, Colin, 2013, A Critical Introduction to Political Analysis, Translated by Ahmad Golmohammadi, Third edition, Tehrān: Ney. [In Persian]

Heywood, Andrew (2010), Politics, Translated by Abdol Rahmān Ālam, Tehrān: Ney. [In Persian]

Ironside, Edmund (1994), The Ironside diaries, Tehrān: Research and Cultural Studies Institute, Rasa Cultural Services Institute. [In Persian]

Katouziān, Mohammad Ali Homāyoun (2000), State and Society in Iran: The Eclipse of the Qājār and Emergence of The Pahlavi, Translated by Hassan Afshār, Tehrān: Markaz Publication. [In Persian]

Kātouziān, Mohammad Ali Homāyoun (2015), Iran, a Short-Term Society and 3 Other Articles, Translated by Abdullāh Kosari, 7th Edition, Tehrān: Ney. [In Persian]

Khosropanāh, Mohamad Hossein (2022), Communist Party of Irān and Seyyed Zia' Tabātabāei, by Effort Mohammad Hossein Khosropanāh, Tehrān: Shirāzeh. [In Persian]

Kővecses, Zoltán (2017), Metaphor: A Practical Introduction, Translated by Jahanshah Mirzabeigi, Second Edition, Tehrān: Āgāh. [In Persian]

Lakoff, George; Johnson, Mark (2021), Metaphors We Live By, Translated by Jahanshah Mirzabeigi, Fourth Edition, Tehrān: Āgāh. [In Persian]

Lee, David (2018), Cognitive Linguistics: An Introduction, Translated by Jahanshah Mirzabeigi, Tehran: Āgāh. [In Persian].

Lenczowski, George (1977), Russian and Western Competition in Iran, Translated by Ismāil Rāeen, second edition, Tehrān: Jāvidān. [In Persian]

Lesieur, Émile (1994), British Background for the 1299 Coup, Translated by Valiullāh Shādān, Tehrān, Asātir. [In Persian]

Makki, Hossein (1984), 20-Year History of Iran, vol. 1, Tehrān: Nāsher Publisher. [In Persian]

Mehrnoosh, Sādegh (2019), History of the Jangal, by Effort Mohammad Kalhor, Tehrān: Shirāzeh. [In Persian]

Mollāiy Tavāniy, Alirezā (2016), Official Historiography Discourse about Reża Shāh During Pahlavi Period, Tehran: Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies. [In Persian]

Mostoufi, Abdullāh (1992), Narration of My Life or the Social and Administrative History of the Qajar Period; From the Cabinet of Trust Agreement to the End of the Constituent Assembly, vol. 3, Third Edition, Tehrān: Zovvār Publications. [In Persian]

Mouffe, Chantal (2012), On the Political, Translated by Mansour Ansāri, Tehrān: Rokhdad Now. [In Persian]

Najafi, Musā, (2011), Constitutionalism: Analytical Historical Knowledge of Contemporary Islamic Movements in Iran, Isfahan: Ārmā. [In Persian]

Rāsekh, Mohammad (2013), "Intrinsic and Transverse Features of Law", In: Right and Expediency: Essays in Philosophy of Law, Philosophy of Right and Philosophy of Value. Volume 2, Tehrān: Ney. [In Persian]

Raz, Joseph (1995), "Rights and Politics," Indiana Law Journal: Vol. 71: Iss. 1, Article 2. (1995). Available at: https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ilj/vol71/iss1/2

Sahrāei, Alirezā; Khalili, Mohsen; Manshādi, Morteza; Eslami, Rohollāh (2019), "The Suspension of Constitutionalism/the Exception of the Rise of the Absolute Pahlavi Government", Journal of Political Science, 14(2), 131-164. Dor: 20.1001.1.1735790.1398.14.2.5.6. [In Persian]

Sardār As'ad Bakhtiāri, Jafar Gholi (1999), Memoirs of Sardār As'ad Bakhtiāri (Jafar Gholi Khān Sardār Bahādor), by Effort Iraj Afshār, Tehrān: Asātir. [In Persian]

Sarea al-Qalam, Mahmoud (2018), Iranian authoritarianism During the Pahlavi Era, Tehrān: Gāndi. [In Persian]

shahryāri, A., Athari, S. H., Khalili, M., & Najafzādeh, M (2023), Functional Disruption of the Constitutional Monarchy and the Transition to Enlightened Tyranny: A Functionalist Analysis of the Change in the Governance Method, Political Strategic Studies, 12(44), 59-100. doi: 10.22054/qpss.2023.69130.3082. [In Persian]

Shākeri, Khosrow (1978), Historical Documents of the Worker, Social Democracy and Communist Movement of Irān, vol. 4, by the efforts of Khosrow Shakeri, Tehrān: Elm. [In Persian]

Shamim, Ali Asghar (2014), Irān During the Qājār Dynasty, the 13th Century and the First Half of the 14th Century, 12th Edition,Tehrān: Moddaber Publications. [In Persian]

Taghizādeh, Hasan (2007), Taghizādeh' Articles, Vol 16, by Effort Iraj Afshār, Tehrān: Toos. [In Persian]

Yazdāni, Sohrāb (2017), Irānian Coups, Tehrān: Māhi Publication. [In Persian]