@article { author = {Mutevalī, Abdullah}, title = {Basic Approaches and Attitudes of the Jangal, the Organ of Jungle Movement}, journal = {Historical Studies}, volume = {2}, number = {2}, pages = {95-115}, year = {2012}, publisher = {IHCS}, issn = {2251-7766}, eissn = {2383-0808}, doi = {}, abstract = {Following the emergence of the Constitutional Revolution, the political and social atmospheres of Iran were affected so seriously that for a long time did not restore its desirable peace. Political instability and continuous fall of passive cabinets intensified the vehemence of this critical situation. World War I and its catastrophic aftermath caused a very turbulent condition in Iran. Central government’s inability to control the crisis resulted in an emergence of some self-motivated social associations. These groups were mainly concerned with the improvement of this critical situation. Their approach to this problem was a reformist and nationalist one. The Junbish-e Jangal (Jungle Movement) was one of these social associations that was activating in Guilan province in northern Iran. Having been led by Mīrzā Kūchak khān, a religious-nationalist prominent figure of contemporary Iran, but composed of very eclectic elements, it grew enormously throughout that region. Following the extension of the movement’s activities, its operational wing started the publication of a newspaper called Jangal (“Jungle”). The purpose behind the publication of this newspaper was to promulgate Jangalī’s reformist ideas and critical thoughts. However Jangal did not last for a long time, during its short period of publication (just one year) it criticized central government as well as politicians. It also criticized the interventional activities of Britain and Imperial Russia in Iran which was presumed by Jangalī’s as offensive and destructive. This article has touched upon the most important concerns of Jangal’s writers and their delineation of the social situation during this time.}, keywords = {Junbish-e Jangal,Jangal (the newspaper),Britain,Russia,reform,central government}, title_fa = {رویکردها و نگرش‌های اساسی در روزنامۀ جنگل}, abstract_fa = {پس از وقوع انقلاب مشروطیت فضای سیاسی و اجتماعی ایران به آرامش مطلوبی دست نیافت. ناپایداری سیاسی و سقوط پیاپی دولت‌ها، بر گسترة بحران‌ها می‌افزود. آغاز جنگ جهانی اول و تأثیرگذاری آن بر ایران شرایط نامساعدی را در کشور پدید آورد. ناتوانی حکومت مرکزی در مهار بحران‌ها سبب شد تا افراد و گروه‌هایی، برای بهبود شرایط نامساعد جامعه خودانگیخته تحرکات ضد بیگانه و اصلاح‌طلبانه‌ای را آغاز کنند. نهضت جنگل با هدایت میرزا‌کوچک خان جنگلی با همین نگرش کار خود را در محدودة گیلان هم‌زمان با جنگ جهانی اول آغاز کرد. با گسترش فعالیت نهضت گردانندگان آن برای اشاعة تفکرات اصلاحی و انتقادی خود روزنامه‌ای موسوم به جنگل را منتشر کردند. هرچند عمر این روزنامه طولانی نبود، در مدت یک‌سال ‌و ‌اندی که منتشر می‌شد دیدگاه‌ها و نگرش‌های جنگلی‌ها، عملکرد حکومت مرکزی، کارکرد چهره‌های سیاسی و اقدامات روسیه و انگلیس را معرفی، نقد، و ارزیابی می‌کرد. این پژوهش مهم‌ترین دغدغه‌های نویسندگان روزنامه و سطح دریافت آن‌ها را از شرایط جامعه بررسی و تحلیل می‌کند.}, keywords_fa = {نهضت جنگل,روزنامة جنگل,انگلیس,روسیه,اصلاح,حکومت مرکزی}, url = {https://historicalstudy.ihcs.ac.ir/article_215.html}, eprint = {https://historicalstudy.ihcs.ac.ir/article_215_3ea1f1c263d3bbdba2e1cee62c13a461.pdf} }