IHCSHistorical Studies2251-77664120130907A Study of Ghaznavids’ Leadership Traits in Literary WorksA Study of Ghaznavids’ Leadership Traits in Literary Works126744FABehzadOveisiM.A. in Persian Language and Literature, Ilam UniversityGholamrezaRahimiAssistant Professor in Persian Language and Literature, Jahrom UniversityMojtabaAmiriAssistant Professor in State Management, University of TehranBatoulRostamiM.A. in Sociology, Ilam University,Journal Article20130217Traitleadershiptheory is one of the theories of leadership in management whichsuggests that leaders must possesscertain personality traits superior than their followers’ such as intelligence, social maturity, comprehensive vision, achievement motivation, interpersonal skills, communication skills, and good appearance. This research studies literary and historical works from a management point of viewin order to answer the question as to whether Ghaznavid kings and their agents displayed the above leadership traits.
The theoretical model in this research is the trait leadership theory. The results show that Ghaznavids had traits such as intelligence, comprehensive vision, achievement motivation, communication skills, good appearance, and interpersonal skills and were not entirely devoid of these traits.Traitleadershiptheory is one of the theories of leadership in management whichsuggests that leaders must possesscertain personality traits superior than their followers’ such as intelligence, social maturity, comprehensive vision, achievement motivation, interpersonal skills, communication skills, and good appearance. This research studies literary and historical works from a management point of viewin order to answer the question as to whether Ghaznavid kings and their agents displayed the above leadership traits.
The theoretical model in this research is the trait leadership theory. The results show that Ghaznavids had traits such as intelligence, comprehensive vision, achievement motivation, communication skills, good appearance, and interpersonal skills and were not entirely devoid of these traits.IHCSHistorical Studies2251-77664120130907Cyrus the Elamite-Anshanite or Cyrus the Persian?
A New Look at Elamite-Anshanite Identityof Cyrus IICyrus the Elamite-Anshanite or Cyrus the Persian?
A New Look at Elamite-Anshanite Identityof Cyrus II2743746FAMohammad TaqiImanpourAssociate Professor in History, Ferdowsi University of MashhadSirousNasrollahzadehAssistant Professor in Ancient Culture and Languages, Institute for Humanities and Cultural StudiesKiumarsAlizadehM.A. in Ancient History of Iran, Ferdowsi University of MashhadJournal Article20121010The arrival and settlement of Persians in Parsa/Anshan and their strong relations with the Elamite inhabitants of south-western Iran brought the Achaemenid culture and civilization under the influence of the Elamite culture and civilization, in particular during Cyrus II and Cambyses II. Furthermore, Cyrus II, in his famous Cylinder in Babylonian language, introduces himself and his ancestors as kings of Anshan and makes no mention of Parsa or Achaemenids at all. This has caused a number of scholars of ancient Iran to question the identity of Cyrus as Persian and identify him as Elamite-Anshanite. Although this hypothesis has been disputed by other scholars, the problem lingers on.
This article uses historical method to examine various claims in this subject, in particular Daniel Potts’s theory on Cyrus’s Elamite-Anshanite identity, on the basis of archaeological data, ancient Mesopotamian-Elamite documents, Persian inscriptions, Elamite tablets, and Greeks texts.The arrival and settlement of Persians in Parsa/Anshan and their strong relations with the Elamite inhabitants of south-western Iran brought the Achaemenid culture and civilization under the influence of the Elamite culture and civilization, in particular during Cyrus II and Cambyses II. Furthermore, Cyrus II, in his famous Cylinder in Babylonian language, introduces himself and his ancestors as kings of Anshan and makes no mention of Parsa or Achaemenids at all. This has caused a number of scholars of ancient Iran to question the identity of Cyrus as Persian and identify him as Elamite-Anshanite. Although this hypothesis has been disputed by other scholars, the problem lingers on.
This article uses historical method to examine various claims in this subject, in particular Daniel Potts’s theory on Cyrus’s Elamite-Anshanite identity, on the basis of archaeological data, ancient Mesopotamian-Elamite documents, Persian inscriptions, Elamite tablets, and Greeks texts.IHCSHistorical Studies2251-77664120130907Arguments against Amir Kabir’s Reforms:
A Study Based on Rational Choice TheoryArguments against Amir Kabir’s Reforms:
A Study Based on Rational Choice Theory4577748FAMohammadrezaJavadi YeganehAssociate Professor in Sociology, University of TehranReyhanehJavadiM.A. in Sociology, University of TehranJournal Article20121122Analyzing the arguments of opponents of Amir Kabir’sreforms, the authors of this article used theRational Choice approach as a general theory in historical sociology to generate acausal narrative to explain the reasons for internal opposition to Amir Kabir’s reforms. For this purpose, the reform opponentswere divided into four groups: clergymen, courtiers, governors, and the women of the Harem. Rational Choice Theory, in which the individual (here the reform opponents) is causal agent, and the instrumental rationality he uses (which here led to their opposition to reforms) is causal mechanism, was used to clarify the rational process of their opposition to reforms. Then, the arguments of the four groups were analyzed, and the first group was omitted based on John Stuart Mill's comparative method. The common arguments were finally recognized using Mill’s method of agreement and methodofconcomitantvariation. They were negligence ofopponents’ position and social class, violation of the citizen's rights, and possible reduction of royal power. These arguments show that the opponents of Amir Kabir's reforms were more concerned with their individual and class benefits.Analyzing the arguments of opponents of Amir Kabir’sreforms, the authors of this article used theRational Choice approach as a general theory in historical sociology to generate acausal narrative to explain the reasons for internal opposition to Amir Kabir’s reforms. For this purpose, the reform opponentswere divided into four groups: clergymen, courtiers, governors, and the women of the Harem. Rational Choice Theory, in which the individual (here the reform opponents) is causal agent, and the instrumental rationality he uses (which here led to their opposition to reforms) is causal mechanism, was used to clarify the rational process of their opposition to reforms. Then, the arguments of the four groups were analyzed, and the first group was omitted based on John Stuart Mill's comparative method. The common arguments were finally recognized using Mill’s method of agreement and methodofconcomitantvariation. They were negligence ofopponents’ position and social class, violation of the citizen's rights, and possible reduction of royal power. These arguments show that the opponents of Amir Kabir's reforms were more concerned with their individual and class benefits.IHCSHistorical Studies2251-77664120130907Iranian Elites and their Scientific and Cultural Activities in Ottoman Empire of the 9th and 10th Centuries A.H.Iranian Elites and their Scientific and Cultural Activities in Ottoman Empire of the 9th and 10th Centuries A.H.79100749FAValiDinparastAssistant Professor in History,University of TabrizJournal Article20120625In this paper, scientific and cultural activities of Iranian elites in the Ottoman Empire since its foundation until the tenth century A.H. are studied to show their impact on the scientific and cultural life of the empire as well as the clashes between traditionalist and rationalist scholars and their consequences.
Upon the foundation of the Ottoman Empire, its scientific centers fell under the influence of Iranian elites’ ideasdue to the widespread scientific and cultural relations between Iran and the Ottoman Empire. A number of Iranian elites who were educated in jurisprudence, interpretation, <em>hadith</em>, logic, theology, grammar, reading, rhetoric, mathematics, astronomy, and medicine migrated to the Ottoman Empire during the eighth and ninth centuriesA.H. They taught the works of Iranian prominent scholars such as Imam Muhammad Ghazali and Fakhr al-Din Razi in Ottoman schools or wrote commentaries and annotations on these works. Therefore, the Ottoman society, like the Iranian society, became a placefor clashes between the traditionalistsand rationalists.In this paper, scientific and cultural activities of Iranian elites in the Ottoman Empire since its foundation until the tenth century A.H. are studied to show their impact on the scientific and cultural life of the empire as well as the clashes between traditionalist and rationalist scholars and their consequences.
Upon the foundation of the Ottoman Empire, its scientific centers fell under the influence of Iranian elites’ ideasdue to the widespread scientific and cultural relations between Iran and the Ottoman Empire. A number of Iranian elites who were educated in jurisprudence, interpretation, <em>hadith</em>, logic, theology, grammar, reading, rhetoric, mathematics, astronomy, and medicine migrated to the Ottoman Empire during the eighth and ninth centuriesA.H. They taught the works of Iranian prominent scholars such as Imam Muhammad Ghazali and Fakhr al-Din Razi in Ottoman schools or wrote commentaries and annotations on these works. Therefore, the Ottoman society, like the Iranian society, became a placefor clashes between the traditionalistsand rationalists.IHCSHistorical Studies2251-77664120130907Iranian Regional Movements in 1945-46:
A Case Study of the Impact of Azerbaijani Democratic Party on Fars South MovementIranian Regional Movements in 1945-46:
A Case Study of the Impact of Azerbaijani Democratic Party on Fars South Movement101120750FARezaMo’ini RoudbaliPh.D. Student in Islamic Iranian History, Payam-e Noor University of TehranSeyyed SahebBarzinPh.D. Student in Islamic Iranian History, Payam-e Noor UniversityFatemehNajafi KashkouliM.A. in Islamic Iranian History, Shahid Beheshti UniversityJournal Article20121215Iran's strategic position and long common border in the north with the Soviet Union led to its invasion and occupation by the Allies two years after the beginning of the World War II and Germany’s invasion of the Soviet Union. They announced that their purpose was to send forces to the Soviets under siege. In August 1945, regardless of the opposition of Iran's government, the Allies invaded Iran and advanced to the outskirts of Tehran. Their troops remained in Iran until the end of the war. The occupiers’ominous presence caused many problems for the people of Iran. One of the unfortunate consequences of their presence was the formation of the Azerbaijani Democratic Party in the fall of 1945 by Seyyed Ja’far Pishehvari who received support from the Soviet government and the Tudeh party. One of his main demands was local autonomy from Tehran. The present article intends to present an overview of the presence of the Allies in Iran, especially the Soviet Union, and its consequences forthe Azerbaijani Democratic Party and Fars South Movementduring the years 1945-1946.Iran's strategic position and long common border in the north with the Soviet Union led to its invasion and occupation by the Allies two years after the beginning of the World War II and Germany’s invasion of the Soviet Union. They announced that their purpose was to send forces to the Soviets under siege. In August 1945, regardless of the opposition of Iran's government, the Allies invaded Iran and advanced to the outskirts of Tehran. Their troops remained in Iran until the end of the war. The occupiers’ominous presence caused many problems for the people of Iran. One of the unfortunate consequences of their presence was the formation of the Azerbaijani Democratic Party in the fall of 1945 by Seyyed Ja’far Pishehvari who received support from the Soviet government and the Tudeh party. One of his main demands was local autonomy from Tehran. The present article intends to present an overview of the presence of the Allies in Iran, especially the Soviet Union, and its consequences forthe Azerbaijani Democratic Party and Fars South Movementduring the years 1945-1946.IHCSHistorical Studies2251-77664120130907The Role of Supreme Council of Courtin Smoothing Iran’s Transition to Constitutional RegimeThe Role of Supreme Council of Courtin Smoothing Iran’s Transition to Constitutional Regime121141751FAAlirezaMolla’i TavaniAssociate Professor in History,Institute for Humanities and Cultural StudiesJournal Article20130625As soon as Muzaffar al-Din Shah issued the command of constitution, attempts were made to establish the new order through the formation of a parliament to represent the Iranian nation. This objective required that the election law be written by a special council. It was called “Supreme Council” or “Supreme Council of the Court”. Lack of research in this regard and the unresolved ambiguities about the council makes one ask why the Supreme Council of the Court was established, who its members were, how they were elected, and what duties it had.
This article uses descriptive-explanatory method and taps primary sources to answer these questions. The results suggested thatthe Supreme Council of the Courtpassed the election law, supervised the election process, and, thus, played an important role inIran’stransitionto a constitutional regime.As soon as Muzaffar al-Din Shah issued the command of constitution, attempts were made to establish the new order through the formation of a parliament to represent the Iranian nation. This objective required that the election law be written by a special council. It was called “Supreme Council” or “Supreme Council of the Court”. Lack of research in this regard and the unresolved ambiguities about the council makes one ask why the Supreme Council of the Court was established, who its members were, how they were elected, and what duties it had.
This article uses descriptive-explanatory method and taps primary sources to answer these questions. The results suggested thatthe Supreme Council of the Courtpassed the election law, supervised the election process, and, thus, played an important role inIran’stransitionto a constitutional regime.